A Compilation of Silicon,Rare Earth Element and Twenty‐One other Trace Element Concentrations in the Natural River Water Reference Material SLRS‐5 (NRC‐CNRC)     

Delphine Yeghicheyan  Cécile Bossy  Martine Bouhnik Le Coz  Chantal Douchet  Guy Granier  Alexie Heimburger  Francois Lacan  Aurélie Lanzanova  Tristan C. C. Rousseau  Jean‐Luc Seidel  Mickaël Tharaud  Frédéric Candaudap  Jérôme Chmeleff  Christophe Cloquet  Sophie Delpoux  Marie Labatut  Rémi Losno  Catherine Pradoux  Yann Sivry  Jeroen E. Sonke 《Geostandards and Geoanalytical Research》2013,37(4):449-467

The natural river water certified reference material SLRS‐5 (NRC‐CNRC) was routinely analysed in this study for major and trace elements by ten French laboratories. Most of the measurements were made using ICP‐MS. Because no certified values are assigned by NRC‐CNRC for silicon and 35 trace element concentrations (rare earth elements, Ag, B, Bi, Cs, Ga, Ge, Li, Nb, P, Rb, Rh, Re, S, Sc, Sn, Th, Ti, Tl, W, Y and Zr), or for isotopic ratios, we provide a compilation of the concentrations and related uncertainties obtained by the participating laboratories. Strontium isotopic ratios are also given.  相似文献   

A Comparative Study of Five Reference Materials and the Lombard Meteorite for the Determination of the Platinum‐Group Elements and Gold by LA‐ICP‐MS     

Sarah Gilbert  Leonid Danyushevsky  Philip Robinson  Cora Wohlgemuth‐Ueberwasser  Norman Pearson  Dany Savard  Marc Norman  Jacob Hanley 《Geostandards and Geoanalytical Research》2013,37(1):51-64

A range of independently characterised reference materials (RMs) for LA‐ICP‐MS, used for the determination of the platinum‐group elements (PGE) and Au in a sulfide matrix, were analysed and compared: 8b, PGE‐A, NiS‐3, Po727‐T1, Po724‐T and the Lombard meteorite. The newly developed RM NiS‐3 was used as the RM for the calibration of all LA‐ICP‐MS analyses and the measured concentrations of the other RMs compared against their published concentrations. This data were also used to assess the consistency of concentrations calibrated against the different RMs. It was found that Po727‐T1 and 8b produced results that were comparable, within uncertainty, for all elements. Po727‐T1 also produced consistent results with NiS‐3 for all elements. All other RMs showed differences for some elements, especially Ru in Po724‐T, and Os, Ir and Au in PGE‐A. The homogeneity of the PGE and Au in each RM was assessed, by comparing the precision of multiple LA‐ICP‐MS spot analyses with the average uncertainty of the signal. Po724‐T, Po727‐T1 and the Lombard meteorite were found to be homogeneous for all elements, but 8b, PGE‐A and NiS‐3 were heterogeneous for some elements. This is the first direct comparison between a range of independently characterised PGE and Au LA‐ICP‐MS RMs.  相似文献   

MCS-based probabilistic design of embedded sheet pile walls     

《Georisk: Assessment and Management of Risk for Engineered Systems and Geohazards》2013,7(3):151-162

A probabilistic approach to the design of embedded sheet pile walls is developed in this paper. The approach is based on Monte Carlo simulation (MCS), and it is used to investigate the performance of the partial factors and different design approaches in Eurocode 7 in achieving the target degrees of reliability. The approach is illustrated through an embedded sheet pile wall design example that has been used in literature for the evaluation of Eurocode 7. The approach deals rationally with the correlated load and resistance, and it bypasses a difficult but frequently asked question in Eurocode 7 (i.e. should the passive earth pressure be considered as a load (i.e. action) or a resistance?). The probabilistic design approach (DA) is also used to explore the effects of the soil unit weight variability and uncertainties in over-digging depth and wall friction. The effects of uncertainties in over-digging depth and wall friction are found to be significant. It is also found that, although the soil unit weight variability is generally minor, its effect on the design of embedded sheet pile walls is significant and should be properly accounted for in the design. The MCS-based probabilistic DA proposed in this study provides a straightforward way for proper consideration of such variability with relative ease.  相似文献   

Determination of passive earth pressure with lower bound finite elements limit analysis and modified pseudo-dynamic method     

《Geomechanics and Geoengineering》2013,8(3):218-229

ABSTRACT

The present study deals with the determination of passive earth pressure under seismic condition by following the lower bound finite elements limit analysis and modified pseudo-dynamic methodology. In accordance with the lower bound finite elements formulation, the stress field was modelled using a three-noded triangular elements, while the passive pressure was determined via linear optimisation. The parametric study was performed, for a vertical rigid retaining wall, by varying the magnitude of seismic acceleration in horizontal direction (k_h) between 0 and 0.3, while the vertical seismic acceleration (k_v) was kept equal to 0 or 0.5 k_h. Furthermore, the damping coefficient for dry cohesionless backfill was kept ξ = 10%. The obtained results in various cases were found to be in good agreement with those found in the literature. It is expected that this method can be further used for solving other important geotechnical stability problems.  相似文献   

Modelling dynamic deformation in natural rock slopes and underground openings with DDA: review of recent results     

《Geomechanics and Geoengineering》2013,8(4):283-292

We present validations and applications of the numerical Discontinuous Deformation Analysis method (DDA) for different cases of dynamic loading in the context of rock mass deformation. Following a review of 2D and 3D-DDA validations against analytical solutions for single and double face sliding, we present dynamic DDA applications in natural rock slopes and underground openings. Modelling dynamic rock slope deformation is demonstrated using the case of Masada rock slopes, with some new findings on the dynamic deformation of overhanging cliffs in general. Modelling underground deformation is demonstrated using the case of an active open pit mine in Israel developed in a rock mass containing multiple karstic caverns. The DDA method is shown here to be a powerful numerical tool for modelling dynamic rock mass deformation when the interaction between multiple discrete elements dictates the expected global deformation.  相似文献   

云南香格里拉红山铜矿石硫化物环带及地质意义   总被引：3，自引：3，他引：0  

俎波  薛春纪  亚夏尔  王庆飞  梁华英  赵毅  刘铭涛 《岩石学报》2013,29(4):1203-1213

云南香格里拉县红山铜矿是三江义敦岛弧带南端重要铜矿床,颇受关注,成因认识分歧大.矿区出露上三叠统板岩、变碎屑岩和灰岩夹中基性火山岩、火山碎屑岩以及少量侵入其中的中酸性和超基性岩脉、岩株,透镜状铜硫化物矿体产在顺层状矽卡岩体内或边部,成矿后断裂明显.矿石中普遍发育以黄铁矿为核部、黄铜矿为中间带、磁黄铁矿为边部带的硫化物环带,其中核部黄铁矿呈立方体自形-半自形晶,黄铜矿呈他形晶围绕黄铁矿沉淀,磁黄铁矿呈他形分布在黄铜矿外围,内带常被外带硫化物溶蚀交代.环带从内到外硫化物先后沉淀,矿物生成顺序为黄铁矿-黄铜矿-磁黄铁矿.环带中三种硫化物矿物的REE配分曲线和微量元素蛛网图极为相似,负Eu异常显著,富集U、Th、Zr、Hf,亏损Rb、Sr、Ba,与矿区超基性岩表现出较高相似性;环带从内到外,∑REE(0.17371×10-6、1.22626×10-6、5.25925×10-6)和微量元素含量依次升高,Co/Ni和Se/Te比值降低,指示矿石硫化物沉淀过程中,可能伴随热液体系内地壳物质不断增加.环带中硫化物矿物δ34SV-CDT=3.81‰～5.23‰,具有岩浆硫源特征,δ34SV-CDT边部带磁黄铁矿 (4.47‰)＜δ34SV-CDT中间带黄铜矿(4.58‰)＜ δ34SV-CDT核部黄铁矿(4.65‰),三种硫化物间没有达到同位素平衡分馏.红山铜矿石环带结构是岩浆热液为主成矿流体中黄铁矿、黄铜矿、磁黄铁矿先后晶出成因,伴随硫化物环带的形成,热液系统从早到晚H2S和O2逸度降低或pH升高过程.  相似文献   

豆荚状铬铁矿多阶段形成过程的讨论   总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3       下载免费PDF全文

熊发挥  杨经绥刘 钊 《中国地质》2013,40(3):820-839

豆荚状铬铁矿是铬的主要来源,是中国的紧缺矿种,因此,寻找一批大型铬铁矿矿床已成为解决我国对铬铁矿长期依赖进口的途经.然而对于豆荚状铬铁矿的成因,一直以来都有较大分歧.豆荚状铬铁矿及其围岩地幔橄榄岩中大量异常地幔矿物的发现,引起了各国地质学家对豆荚状铬铁矿成因的新一轮思考.本文着重讨论近年来国内外学者对豆荚状铬铁矿研究的最新成果和进展,包括豆荚状铬铁矿的形态特征、产出规律、矿物化学、铂族元素(PGE)的分布模式,铬铁矿矿石中出现的超高压矿物,以及围岩地幔橄榄岩的演化过程等等.豆荚状铬铁矿中的铬来源于两种辉石的不一致熔融与副矿物铬尖晶石,其形成环境可能在下地幔或者是过渡带的位置.豆荚状中含铂族元素矿物呈包裹体状和裂隙状分布,铂族元素含量与铬铁矿形成过程中的S饱和程度有关,具有多期性的特征.进而初步地拟定了豆荚状铬铁矿形成过程存在四个阶段,分别为铬的来源阶段、铬尖晶石及超高压矿物的结晶阶段、铬铁矿的成矿阶段、铬铁矿的就位阶段,而每一阶段的特征还需进一步细化与翔实,并且需要对不同岩体不同产出的豆荚状铬铁矿矿床进行详细的对比研究.  相似文献   

西藏羊八井—宁中地区水系沉积物中分散元素地球化学特征及其对找矿的指示意义   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

席明杰  马生明  朱立新  李冰 《地球学报》2013,34(6):702-712

水系沉积物中元素地球化学特征研究是区域地球化学勘查找矿工作的基础, 分散元素作为一类新型的地球化学勘查指标, 已在勘查找矿工作中显示出显著的效用。西藏地区研究程度低, 以往区域地球化学勘查工作中, 多以主成矿元素及伴生有益元素研究为主, 一直缺乏对分散元素组成特征的研究。本文首次报道了西藏羊八井—宁中地区680件水系沉积物样品的分散元素地球化学特征。从区域上看, 研究区内水系沉积物中强烈富集Cd、Se、Te元素, 其它元素分布均匀, 无富集。与羊八井—宁中地区水系沉积物中分散元素平均值相比, 区内二叠系洛巴堆组地层中强烈富集Cd、In、Se、Te元素, Tl仅在第四系中富集, Cd、In、Se、Te元素的富集可能是由洛巴堆铅锌铜矿床中闪锌矿、方铅矿等金属硫化物的风化作用引起的, Tl元素的富集与羊八井—宁中一带地热资源的热水沉积作用有关; 不同时代侵入岩区水系沉积物中分散元素含量接近研究区平均值, 仅有In、Tl呈现弱的富集。Cd、In、Se、Te元素作为地球化学勘查指标, 可指示铅锌矿化体的产出范围, 为区内开展铅锌多金属矿产勘查工作提供了地球化学依据。  相似文献   

乌鲁木齐国际机场一次强东南大风天气分析   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

张利平 《沙漠与绿洲气象(新疆气象)》2007,1(2):23-25

对乌鲁木齐国际机场2003年11月12日出现的强东南大风天气过程,利用常规天气资料和机场跑道自动观测系统(AWOS)采集的实时观测资料,对机场东南大风天气形势、机场跑道附近气象要素和水平风切变演变特征、高空风垂直分布特征等方面进行了分析,给出了东南大风的成因。  相似文献   

Trace element geochemistry of coesite-bearing eclogites from the Roberts Victor kimberlite, Kaapvaal craton   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

D. E. Jacob  B. Schmickler  D. J. Schulze 《Lithos》2003,71(2-4):337-351

Trace element characteristics of seven coesite-bearing eclogitic xenoliths from the Roberts Victor kimberlite demonstrate that this suite of eclogites originated as gabbroic cumulates in oceanic crust that was subsequently subducted. All but one of the garnets show positive Eu anomalies, accompanied by a flat heavy rare earth pattern, which is atypical of garnet, but characteristic of plagioclase, arguing for a considerable amount of plagioclase in the protoliths. Forward modelling of the accumulation of liquidus minerals from primitive komatiitic, picritic, and basaltic liquids suggests that at least some of the eclogite protoliths were not derived from basaltic parental liquids, whereas derivation from either komatiitic or picritic liquids is possible. The reconstructed eclogite bulk rocks compare favourably with oceanic gabbros from ODP hole 735B (SW Indian Ridge), even to the extent that oxygen isotopic systematics show signs of low-temperature seawater alteration. However, the oxygen isotope trends are the reverse of what is expected for cumulates in the lower section of the oceanic crust. These new findings show that δ¹⁸O values in eclogitic xenoliths, despite being sound indicators for their interaction with hydrothermal fluids at low pressure, do not necessarily bear a simple relationship with the inferred oceanic crustal stratigraphy of the protoliths.  相似文献